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~~ Please use Drop and Scroll Box for your specific definition search. ~~ |
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| Address
- Network Address |
| Internet site
address come in two forms: as a set of numbers such as 298.15.33.8
and alphanumeric such as microsoft.com (both of these represent
the same address, and either could be used). An individual
e-mail's address at this site, for example, Bill Gates,
might look like this: bgates@microsoft.com. |
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Adware |
| These programs don't cost a penny. The developers support their programs by placing advertisements inside their programs. If you appreciate the work done by these dedicated authors, do them a favor and check out their sponsors. The majority of Adware authors have advertisement-free versions of their software available for a small fee. The ads serve as a revenue source for the author, which allows them to stretch their program and update more frequently. A few companies are frequently associated with Adware programs: Cydoor, Radiate, Web3000 and Aureate. |
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| Alias |
| This type of nickname is usually short and easy to remember. An alias refers to a type of network resource. They are used so that you won't have to remember long and difficult names. |
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Alt Tag |
| The alternative text
that the browser displays when the surfer does not want to, or cannot see the pictures
present in a web page. Using alt tags containing keywords can improve the search engine
ranking of the page for those keywords.
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| Anonymous FTP |
| By using the word "anonymous" as your user ID and your e-mail address as the password when you log in to an FTP site, you can bypass local security checks and gain limited access to public files on the remote computer. This type of access is available on most FTP sites. |
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| Applet |
| These small Java programs can be embedded in an HTML page. Applets differ from full-fledged Java applications in that they are not allowed to access certain resources on the local computer. For instance, files, serial devices, modems and printers are prohibited from communicating with most other computers across a network. The current rule is that an applet can only make an Internet connection to the computer from which the applet was sent.
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| Application |
| Sometimes known as a client or an app, an application is a program that performs a specific function. Telnet, Microsoft Word, ICQ, BBEdit and QuickTime are common examples of applications.
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| Archive |
| An archive is a collection of files stored on an Internet machine. FTP sites are known as archives.
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| ASCII
|
American Standard
Code for Information Interchange -
Now a worldwide
standard in which the numerals, uppercase letters, lowercase
letters, some punctuation marks, some symbols, and some control
codes have each been assigned a number from 0 to 127. This
number can be stored in digital form as a 7-bit binary number.
This eight-level data code was adopted to achieve compatibility
among data devices. |
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| ATM
|
Asynchronous
Transfer Mode -
International
standard for cell relay in which multiple service type (such
as voice, video, or data) are conveyed in fixed-length (53-byte)
cells. Fixed-length cells allow cell processing to occur in
hardware, thereby reducing transit delays. ATM is designed
to take advantage of high-speed transmission media such as
E3, SONET, and T3. |
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| Authentication |
| Authentication refers to any process that ensures that users are who they say they are. When you type your name and password, you are authenticated and allowed access. Any of several
methods used to provide proof that a particular document received
electronically is genuine, that it has arrived unaltered,
and that it came from the source indicated. |
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| AVI: |
Audio Video Interleave -
This is a Windows platform audio and video file type, a common format for small movies and videos. A 20-second movie clip in .avi format could be as much a 3MB in size.
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| Backbone
Network (BN) |
| A large network
to which many networks within an organization are connected. |
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| Bandwidth |
What does "bandwidth" mean? Bandwidth refers to the amount of data that can be transmitted in a fixed amount of time. The "data transfer rate" is the speed with which data can be transmitted from one device to another. Data rates are often measured in megabits (million bits) or megabytes (million bytes) per second. These are usually abbreviated as Mbps and Mbps, respectively.
Bits and Bytes 8 bits = 1 byte. 1,024 bytes = 1 kilobyte (Kb). 1,024 kilobytes (Kb) = 1 megabyte (mb or meg) 1,024 megabytes = 1 gigabyte (gb or gig)
How much bandwidth do I need? To determine how much bandwidth you need, estimate the file size of each web page, and then multiply it by the number of pages on your web site.
The difference between the highest and lowest frequencies in a band. In common usage, bandwidth refers to circuit capacity; when people say they need more bandwidth, they need a higher transmission speed. Example is 128Kbps is a common bandwidth for an ISDN circuit. |
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| Baud |
| Unit of signaling
speed. The speed in baud is the number of signal elements
per second. If each signal represents only one bit, baud is
the same as bits per second. When each signal contains more
than one bit, baud does not equal bits per second. |
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| Binary |
| A number system
using only the two symbols zero and one, which is especially
well adapted to computer usage because 0 and 1 can be represented
as "on" and "off," or as negative charges
and positive charges. Unlike 7-bit ASCII files, binary files
have no standard way of being interpreted. Instead, they are
used for software and for data files that are only meaningful
when used with a compatible program. |
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| Bit
Rate |
| The rate at which
bits are transmitted over a communication path. Normally expressed
in bits per second (bps). The bit rate should not be confused
with the data signaling rate (baud), which measures the rate
of a signal changes being transmitted. |
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| BBS
|
Bulletin-Board System -
Usually menu-oriented, this is a remote computer user-interface that may be used
to offer a variety of services such as e- mail, ways to post
public messages in various topical "discussion groups,"
ways to offer files to the public and receive files from the
public, and increasingly ways to access to other remote computers
and services. Access is via the Internet. BBS software for
PCs is readily available on the Internet. |
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| BGP
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Border Gateway Protocol -
Inter-domain routing protocol that exchanges reach ability information
with other BGP systems. Used to autonomously route IP packets
of information over the Internet. |
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| Bounce |
| When e-mail is
undeliverable and sent back to the sender (bounced) so that
the sender will know it was not delivered. The sender can
determine the problem and resend. |
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| Browser |
| Any of a number
of programs used for retrieving and viewing HTML documents.
MSN and Netscape are GUI browsers. |
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| Bug |
| A bug is a programming error that causes a program or computer system to perform erratically, produce incorrect results or crash. The term bug was coined when a real insect was discovered to have fouled up one of the circuits of the first electronic digital computer, the ENIAC.
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Cache |
A cache temporarily stores information from a page in your computer. If you request a page that is stored in a cache, your browser retrieves the page from the cache more quickly than it could from its location on the network.
Sometimes you may not want a page to be retrieved from a cache. The page you brought initially may no longer be identical to the page currently offered by the network. If a modification to a particular URL has occurred, you may want the updated page rather than the now stale copy. You can modify your cache preferences in Netscape under Edit - Preferences - Advanced - Cache. Internet Explorer users should go to View - Internet Options - Temporary Internet Files - Settings.
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CGI: Common Gateway Interface - |
| This is the standard for running programs on a server from a Web page. Gateway programs, or scripts, are executable programs that can be run by themselves. They have been made external programs in order to allow them to run interchangeably under various information servers. Gateways conforming to this specification can be written in any language that produces executable files. Some of the more popular languages include: C or C++, Perl, Python, TCL and shells.
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| CAR
Committed Access Rate - |
| CIR is a more
common term used today. Defines a traffic contract in routed
networks. You can classify and police traffic on an incoming
interface, and set policies for handling traffic that exceed
a certain bandwidth allocation. CAR can be used to set precedence
based on extended access list classification. This allows
considerable flexibility for precedence assignment, including
assignment by application, port, source destination address,
and so on. As a rules-based engine, CAR classifies traffic
based on flexible rules, including IP Precedence, IP access
control list, incoming interface, or application. It limits
the rate to the defined ingress thresholds to help allay congestion
through the core. |
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Client |
| In Internet terms, it's an application that performs a specific function, such as Telnet or FTP. It's the front-end to an Internet process. In more general terms, a client is a computer system or process that requests a service of another computer system or process. The much talked about client-server architecture refers to a workstation requesting the contents of a file from a server.
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Click Popularity |
| A measure
of the relevance of sites obtained by noting which sites are clicked on most and how much
time users spend in each site.
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Cloaking |
| The process by
which your site can display different pages under different circumstances. It is primarily
used to show an optimized page to the search engines and a different page to humans. Most
search engines will penalize a site if they discover that it is using cloaking.
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| Client
Server |
| A way of distributing
information on a network that involves using a small number
of server programs to provide data to client programs installed
on many computers throughout the network. The server program
maintains databases and provides information to the client
programs, through the network, when requested. Some server
programs also have the ability to collect data and update
their database files themselves. The client programs provide
a user-friendly and consistent interface. An example of an
Internet client / server system is the World Wide Web. |
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| Circuit |
| The path over
which voice, data, or image transmission travels. Circuits
can be twisted wire pairs, coaxial cables, fiber optic cables,
microwave transmissions, and so forth. |
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| Command
Line |
| A computer systems
main prompt is its command line (prompts often end in symbols
such as $ or % or >). More broadly, any time that a user
can type in commands to the computer, whether at the operating
system's prompt, or within a program, this is the "command
line." Command line programs often require the user to
remember and type in commands. |
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Comment Tag |
| The text present within the tags in a web page. Most search engines
will ignore the text within the Comment Tags.
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| Communication
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Communication + Icon -
Combinations
of letters and symbols used in Internet e-mail and public
postings to provide emphasis, perspective, or clarification.
These include very loosely standardized "smileys,"
"emotions," abbreviated phrases, underlining methods,
and parenthetical phrases. (Examples :( , :), :-I, LD&R,
BTW) |
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| Communications
Software |
| Usually refers
to programs that are run on personal computers to allow the
computer to communicate via a modem, and phone lines. These
programs also allow the personal computer to "look like"
a particular type of terminal to the computer it is connected
to through phone lines. |
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Cookie |
| A cookie is something that you clicked on while using the Internet. The cookie is stored in a text file on your hard drive. This information is usually accessed by a server when you connect to a Web site that requires some information about you or your system. As a user, you log into a system by entering your username and password. A text file is then saved by your browser for later access. This occurrence is called "handing a cookie." It prevents you from having to log in again if you happen to leave the Web site and return later. Cookies are also used in the process of purchasing items on the Web. By saving user information to a text file as someone moves through a shopping Web site, the user can later go to an order form and view all of the items that they have selected.
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| CoS
Packet Forwarding - Class of Service |
| Indication of
how an upper-layer protocol requires a lower-layer protocol
to treat its messages. In SNA sub area routing, CoS definitions
are used by sub-area nodes to determine the optimal route
to establish a given session. A CoS definition comprises a
virtual route number and a transmission priority field. Also
called ToS. |
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| CPE
- Customer Premises Equipment |
| Terminating equipment,
such as terminals, telephones, and modems, supplied by the
telephone company, installed at a customers sites, and connected
to the telephone company network. |
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Cyberspace |
| This is the "world of computers and the society that gathers around them," as referred to by William Gibson in his fantasy novel Necromancer. It now loosely refers to the online world and even more loosely to the Internet.
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| Daemon |
| A UNIX program
that will, among other things, report errors in delivering
your e-mail massages. |
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Dedicated Line |
| This is a communications line that is used solely for computer connections. If you buy an additional phone line for your modem, that's a dedicated line. There are other types of dedicated lines, such as a T3 or a T1 that is used for a larger network entity.
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Demo |
| Demoware is limited evaluation software that has some of its features disabled. This software usually allows the use of a fair number of features in order to entice a user to purchase the full product.
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DHTML - Dynamic HTML |
| These are instructions written in HTML that enable Web pages to react to user input and produce content that changes each time it is viewed. With dynamic HTML coding, Web pages are created as the information is delivered to your desktop. There are several technologies for producing dynamic HTML, including CGI scripts, Server-Side Includes, cookies, Java, JavaScript, Cold Fusion and ActiveX.
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Dial-up |
| This is a widely-used method of accessing the Internet. A dial-up connection uses regular phone lines to connect one computer to another by way of a modem.
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Directory |
| A site containing
links to other sites which are organized into various categories. Examples of directories
are Yahoo!,
Open
Directory.
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Domain |
| This is a "logical" region of the Internet. People sometimes refer to them loosely as sites. Generally, a domain corresponds to an IP address or an area on a host.
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Domain Name |
| A registered entity that, as above, generally corresponds to an IP address, but reference a personalized physical rather than a numerical IP address. It is an entity that you purchases the rights to use, and is renewable on an annual basis.
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| Domain
Name System - DNS |
| An Internet addressing
system using a series of names that are listed with dots (.)
between them in the order of the most specific to the most
general group. In the United States the top (most general)
domains are network categories such as edu (education), com
(commercial), org (organization), and gov (government). In
other countries a two-letter abbreviation for the country
is used, such as ca (Canada) or au (Australia). |
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Doorway Page |
| A page which has been specially created in order to get a high ranking in the search
engines. Also called gateway page, bridge page, entry page etc.
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| Download |
| To receive on
your local computer a copy of a file that currently exists
on some remote computer. Many protocols for doing this have
been devised, including Z-Modem, X-Modem, Y-Modem, and Kermit,
each with its own commands and syntax. |
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| DSL
- Digital Subscriber Line |
| A technology
used to transfer large amounts of digital data over a twisted
pair copper wire. The XDSL is available in many different
forms such as ADSL (Residential), IDSL or IDSL2 (Business).
The amount of bandwidth for DSL will vary depending on the
line feet from the providers central office (CO). DSL technology
produces bandwidths from 128Kbps to 6Mbps. |
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Dynamic Content |
| Information
in web pages which changes automatically, based on database or user information. Search
engines will index dynamic content in the same way as static content unless the URL
includes a ? mark. However, if the URL does include a ? mark, many search engines will
ignore the URL.
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| EBGP/Static
|
External Border Gateway Protocol -
BGP propagates
VPN-IP information using BGP multi-protocol extensions to
handle extended addresses. |
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E-Mail |
| Electronic Mail -A networking
application that allows users to send and receive mail electronically.
Used with automatic group mailing list software, e-mail is
the basis for discussion groups and many other Internet services.
E-mail is used both as a noun and verb. |
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| Emoticons
- Emotion + Icon |
| One group of
communications that include both "smileys" and expressions
of surprise, annoyance, sarcasm, etc. |
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| Encapsulation |
| A technique in
which a frame from one network is placed within the data field
of the frame in another network for transmission on the second
network. For example, it enables a message initiated on a
coaxial cable-based Ethernet local area network to be transmitted
over a FDDI fiber optic-based network and then placed onto
another Ethernet LAN at the other end. |
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| Encryption |
| DEK: Data Encryption Key - Much like an actual key used for locking and re-opening doors, DEKs are used for the encryption and decoding of message text, sometimes in the form of a digital signature. The technique of modifying a known bit stream on a transmission circuit so that it appears to be a random sequence of bits to an unauthorized observer. |
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| FAQs
|
Frequently Asked Questions -
FAQs are widely
available on the Internet and usually take the form of large,
instructional text files. They are written on a wide variety of topics
and are usually the most up-to-date source for specialized
information. Because newcomers are always arriving at Usenet news groups
and on topical mailing list, the same questions can be asked repeatedly
(to the dismay of the more advanced, long-term members of the group).
Therefore, volunteers will often assemble a document that presents, in
question-and-answer format, the basic facts about the topic
and group. This FAQ is revised and posted to the group at
regular intervals and is also stored, for access at any time,
at a public location such as an FTP site. |
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| FDDI
- Fiber Distributed Data Interface |
| A token-ring
local area network technology that permits transmission speeds
of 100 million bits per second using fiber optic cables. |
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| Fiber
Optics |
| A transmission
technology in which modulated visible light wave signals containing
information are sent down hair-thin plastic or glass fibers
and demodulated back into electrical signals at the other
end by a special light-sensitive receiver. |
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| Finger |
| An Internet system
that allows you, if you have someone's e-mail address, to
find out who the person is, when he or she last checked in
for mail, and several other bits of information. If that person
has written a ".plain" or ".project" file,
that will also be displayed. For example, to see the account
information and .plan file for the address oakridge@world.std.com,
just type finger oakridge@world.std.com at your access provider's
main prompt. |
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| Firewall |
| A hardware and/or
software method used to protect a network from unauthorized
use by those outside of a network. Two commonly used types
of fire walls are packet level and application level. Businesses
and organizations that have connected their computers to the
Internet often install a firewall to protect their data from
theft and alteration. |
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| Flame |
| To send e-mail
or make public posting with harsh, provocative tirades. This
can result in flame wars and other negative consequences. |
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Follow-up |
| This is a reply to an e-mail or newsgroup posting that continues the conversation or idea. It is more commonly known as a "thread.
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Frames |
| An HTML technique
allowing web site designers to display two or more pages in the same browser window. Many
search engines do not index framed web pages properly - they only index the text present
in the NOFRAMES tag. Unless a web page which uses frames contains relevant content in the
NOFRAMES tag, it is unlikely to get a high ranking in those search engines.
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| Frame
Relay |
| Frame relay is
a type of packet switching technology that transmits data
faster than X.25 standard. Frame relay does not perform error
correction at each computer in the network. Instead, it simply
discards any messages with errors. It is up to the application
software at the source and destination to perform error correction
and to control for loss of messages. |
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| Freeware |
| Software available
from many locations on the Internet (often via FTP) that is
totally free. |
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| FTP
- File Transfer Protocol |
| FTP enables the
user to send and receive files over the Internet. There are
two types of FTP site: closed (Which requires users to have
an account and a password) and anonymous (which permit anyone
to use them). |
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| Gateway |
| A computer that
connects two or more networks. Especially in the past, before
TCP/IP protocols were so widely used, these computers often
had to pass data between incompatible network systems. |
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| GIF
|
Graphics Interchange Format -
This format was developed by Compuserve using compression technology from Unisys. On the World Wide Web, pictures and graphics that you see on Web pages are usually in GIF format because the files are small and download quickly. A type of picture storage file developed by CompuServe, and now widely used on the Internet. Files in this format have an extension of
.gif as in mars.gif. GIF files vary greatly in size depending on the image height and width, and the number of colors it uses. |
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| Gopher |
| A widely used
Internet tool for finding and retrieving files of all kinds
throughout the Internet. It is a menu-oriented, client/server
system, with a top menu at each Gopher site leading to many
sub menus and files throughout the Internet. |
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| Graphics 3-D
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| This field of computer graphics is concerned with generating and displaying three-dimensional objects in a two-dimensional space, the display screen. |
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| GRE
- Generic Routing Encapsulation |
| Tunneling protocol
developed by Cisco Systems that can encapsulate a wide variety
of protocol packet types inside IP tunnels, creating a virtual
point-to-point link to Cisco routers at remote points over
an IP internetwork. By connecting multi protocol sub networks
in a single-protocol backbone environment, IP tunneling using
GRE allows network expansion across a single-protocol backbone
environment. |
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| GUI
- Graphical User Interface |
| Any of a number
of programs and operating systems, such as windows and Macintosh
systems, that are operated by using a mouse input device to
move a pointer to various graphics, icons, and menus (versus
command-line or other text-based methods). |
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Hacker |
| This is a computer user who works to understand the ins and outs of computers, networks and the Internet. Hackers are generally benign and believe that information should be free.
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Heading Tags |
| A paragraph style that is displayed in a large, bold typeface. Having text containing
keywords in the Heading Tags can improve the search engine ranking of a page for those
keywords.
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Hidden Text |
| Text that is
visible to the search engines but is invisible to humans. It is mainly accomplished by
using text in the same color as the background color of the page. It is primarily used for
the purpose of including extra keywords in the page without distorting the aesthetics of
the page. Most search engines penalize web sites which use such hidden text.
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| Host
Computer |
| The computer
that lies at the center of the network. It generally performs
the basic centralized data processing functions for which
the network was designed. The host used to be where the network
communication control functions took place, but today these
functions tend to take place in the front end processor or
further out in the network. Also called the central computer.
In a local area network, the server may be the host. |
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| HTML
- HyperText Markup Language |
| A standardized
(but evolving) set of commands and syntax rules used for encoding
text files with formatting and document linking information.
These documents are encoded for use on the World Wide Web
and are viewed with a Web browser. |
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| HTTP
- Hyper Text Transfer Protocol |
| A standardized
set of rules for transferring and processing HTML and other
documents over networks. |
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| Hub |
| Network hubs
act as junction boxes, permitting new computers to be connected
to the network as easily as plugging a power cord into an
electrical socket, and provide an easy way to connect network
cables. Hubs also act as repeaters or amplifiers. Hubs are
sometimes called concentrators, multi station access units,
or transceivers. |
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| Hypertext |
| Text written
with special encoding that provides links to other locations
within a document, or to other documents. Documents are displayed
with some of the words highlighted. These highlighted words
represent links to other documents that allow you, with just
a few key strokes or clicks of a mouse, to view these other
documents. These other documents may also have links to still
other documents. |
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| ICMP
- Internet Control Message Protocol |
| Network layer
Internet protocol that reports errors and provides other information
relevant to IP packet processing. |
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| IGP
- Interior Gateway Protocol |
| Internet protocol
used to exchange routing information within an autonomous
system. Examples of common Internet IGPs include IGRP, OSPF,
and RIP. |
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| IKE
- Internet Key Exchange |
| Formerly known
as the Internet Security Association Key Management Protocol
or (ISAKMP/Oakley) provides security association management.
IKE authenticates each peer in an IPSec transaction, negotiates
security policy, and handles the exchange of session keys.
An effort is being made to standardize IKE by writing IETF
Internet drafts and by making a freeware version of IKE available
over the Internet. |
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Image Map |
| Image maps are used extensively on the World Wide Web. An image containing one or more invisible regions which are linked to other pages. If the image map is defined as a separate file, the search engines may not be able to index the pages to which that image map links. The way out is to have text hyperlinks to those pages in addition to the links from the image map. However, image maps defined within the same web page will generally not prevent search engines from indexing the other pages.
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| Inline |
| Graphics and
pictures that are automatically downloaded and displayed when
viewing an HTML file are said to be "inline" images.
(In contrast, external images are linked to the HTML file,
but are only loaded and displayed when their anchor is activated.) |
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Interface |
| This is something that connects two separate entities. For example, a user interface is a part of a program that connects the computer with a human operator.
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| Internet |
| The Internet is a globally linked system of computers that are logically connected based on the Internet Protocol (IP). The Internet provides different ways to access private and public information worldwide. The network of networks that spans the world linking hundreds of millions of computer users. It transfers information (audio, video and data) using a standardized protocol called TCP/IP. |
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| InterNIC
- Inter-Networking Information Center |
| InterNIC is a
Cyber company that assigns and keeps track of all domain names
in the United States. These names are currently assigned on
a first-come, first-served basis, although there are further
limitations on names that are associated with trademarks.
The domain name is then registered for use by one organization. |
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| Internetworking |
| Connecting several
networks together so workstations can address messages to
the workstations on each of the other networks. |
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Intranet |
| This is a private network, inside a company or an organization, that uses the same kinds of software that you would find on the public Internet. The difference is that an intranet is only for internal use. As the Internet has become more popular, many of the tools used on the Internet are being used in private networks. For example, many companies have Web servers that are available only to employees.
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| IP
- Internet Protocol |
| IP Address - This is the 32-bit address defined by the Internet Protocol. Every resource on the Internet has a unique numerical IP address, represented in dotted decimal notation. For example, 207.53.182.59 is an IP address. IP addresses are the closest thing the Internet has to phone numbers. When you "call" that number, using any number of connection methods, you get connected to the computer that "owns" that IP address. Network layer protocol in the TCP/IP stack offering a connectionless internetwork service. IP provides features for addressing, type-of-service specification, fragmentation and reassembly, and security.
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| IPSec |
| A framework of
open standards for ensuring secure private communications
over the Internet. Based on standards developed by the Internet
Engineering Task Force (IETF), IPSec ensures confidentiality,
integrity, and authenticity of data communications across
a public network. IPSec provides a necessary component of
a standards-based, flexible solution for deploying a network
wide security policy. |
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| ISDN
- Integrated Services Digital Network |
| A hierarchy of
digital switching and transmission systems. The ISDN provides
voice, data, and image in a unified manner. It is synchronized
so all digital elements speak the same "language"
at the same speed. |
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| IRC
- Internet Relay Chat |
| An Internet system
that allows Internet users to "chat" (via keyboard)
in real time. Separate channels are available with various
options for privacy, filtering out unwanted messages, and
one-to- one messages. |
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| ISP
- Internet Service Provider |
| An ISP is a company that maintains a network that is linked to the Internet by way of a dedicated communication line, usually a high-speed link like a T3. An ISP offers the use of its dedicated communication lines to companies or individuals who can't afford the high monthly cost for a direct connection. Using a modem, you can dial up to a service provider whose computers will connect you to the Internet, typically for a fee. A business or institution connected to the Internet that provides Internet access to others (usually via phone lines). |
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Java |
| Developed by Sun Microsystems, Java is a programming language that is specifically designed for writing programs that can be safely downloaded to your computer through the Internet and immediately run without the fear of viruses or other harm to your computer or files. Using small Java programs called Applets, Web pages can include functions like animations and calculators. Java is an object-oriented, multi-threaded programming environment. It is best for creating applets and applications for the Internet, intranets and any other complex, distributed network.
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JavaScript |
| A scripting
language commonly used in web pages. Most earlier search engines were unable to index these scripts properly. More recent version search engines are more forgiving, accepting depreciated values 'language vis type', but results still differ from browser to browser.
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| JPG |
JPEG: Joint Photographic Experts Group -
This is one of the two most common types of images used on the World Wide Web, the other being GIF. JPEG is named after the Joint Photographic Experts Group, the original name of the committee that wrote the standard. The file name extension used on JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) graphics and picture file (e.g., flower.jpg). This file format can be much more compressed than, for example, GIF, but high compression causes some loss of detail. |
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| Kbps
- Kilobits per second |
| A data rate equal
to 1000 bps. |
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Keyword |
| A word or phrase
that you type in when you are searching for information in the search engines.
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Keyword Frequency |
| Denotes
how often a keyword appears in a page or in an area of a page. In general, higher the
number of times a keyword appears in a page, higher its search engine ranking. However,
repeating a keyword too often in a page can lead to that page being penalized for
Spamming.
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Keyword Prominence |
| Denotes
how close to the start of an area of a page that a keyword appears. In general, having the
keyword closer to the start of an area will lead to an improvement in the search engine
ranking of a page.
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Keyword Weight |
| Denotes the
number of times a keyword appears in a page as a percentage of all the other words in the
page. In general, higher the weight of a particular keyword in a page, higher will be the
search engine ranking of the page for that keyword. However, repeating a keyword too often
in order to increase its weight can cause the page to be penalized by the search engines.
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| KHz
- Kilohertz |
| One kilohertz
is equal to 1000 cycles per second in a Frequency. |
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| L2F
- Level 2 Forwarding |
| L2F permits tunneling
of link-layer frames. L2F passes protocol-level packets through
the virtual tunnel between end points of a point-to-point connection. |
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| L2Tp
- Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol |
| An IETF standard
that combines Layer 2 Forwarding protocol (L2F) and point-to-point
Tunneling protocol (PPTP). |
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| Leased
Circuit |
| A leased communication
circuit that goes from your site to some other location. It
is a clear, unbroken communication path that is yours to use
24 hours per day, seven days per week. Also called a private
circuit or dedicated circuit. |
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| LAN
- Local Area Network |
| Data Communications
network that serves users within a company building or company
campus located at one site. |
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| LEC
- Local Exchange Carrier |
| The local telephone
company, such as one of the seven Regional Bell Operating
Companies (RBOCs). |
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Link |
| A link is a text or an image area on a Web page that a user can click on to connect to or reference another document. Links can connect several kinds of documents. Most commonly, links are thought of as what connects two Web pages or Web sites. Links can also reference a different part of the same document, linking to a file which will download to your computer. What actually occurs when you click on a link is determined by the file's MIME type, which is configured on your system. For example, your browser is configured to display Web page files whenever you click on a file whose MIME extension is HTML. Links are also called hyperlinks, hypertext and hot links.
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Link Popularity |
| The number
of sites which link to a particular site. Many search engines use link popularity as a
factor in determining the search engine ranking of a web site.
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| Local
loop |
| Refers to the
telephone companies cable to connect the CO and ISP to the
customers location. |
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| Log
File |
| In PC communications
programs, there is often a feature that allows you to save
in a file everything that is displayed to the screen in a
log file, thus providing a full recording of the activity
for a full or partial online session. |
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| Login |
| When one computer
seeks to establish a connection to another computer, there
will be a login process on the remote computer that usually
involves some user steps beyond those things taken care of
by the computer software. This may be as simple as pressing
Enter, or may require a specific login word and a password
to be entered. (Usually used interchangeably with "logon.") |
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| Logoff |
| The process of
leaving, or disconnecting from a computer system. Often accomplished
by selecting a menu item for disconnecting, or typing exit,
or bye, quit, or log out at the command line prompt. |
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Macro |
| This is a symbol, name or key that represents a list of commands, actions or keystrokes. Many programs allow you to create macros so that you can enter a single character or word that performs a whole series of actions.
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| Mailing
List |
| Also known as
"lists," "discussion lists," or "discussion
groups." These are discussions carried on by sending
e-mail messages to an automated re-mailer, that sends a copy
of each message via e-mail to everyone who has subscribed
to the list for that particular discussion group. |
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| Mbps
- Megabits per second |
| A data rate equal
to 1,000,000 bps. |
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Meta Description Tag |
| The tag
present in the header of a web page which is used to provide a short description of the
contents of the page. Some search engines will display the text present in the Meta
Description Tag when the page appears in the results of a search. Including keywords in
the Meta Description Tag can improve the search engine ranking of a page for those
keywords. However, some search engines ignore the Meta Description Tag.
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Meta Keywords Tag |
| The tag
present in the header of a web page which is used to provide alternative words for the
words used in the body of the page. The Meta Keywords Tag is becoming less and less
important in influencing the search engine ranking of a page. Some search engines ignore
the Meta Keywords tag.
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Meta Refresh Tag |
| The tag
present in the header of a web page which is used to display a different page after a few
seconds. If a page displays another page too soon, most search engines will either ignore
the current page and index the second page or penalize the current page for Spamming.
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| MIME
- Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions |
| An improvement
on the Internet mail system standards that allows binary files
to be sent as e-mail over the Internet. Formerly only ASCII
files could be sent. |
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| Modem
- Modulator + Demodulator |
| An electronic
device that converts computer signals into audio signals so
that they can be sent over twisted pair copper lines and received
by another modem, that will convert the audio signal back
into a digital computer signal. Virtually all modems combine
both the send and receive functions in one unit. |
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| NAS
- Network Access Server |
| Remote dial-in
server supporting modem pools. |
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